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Part 107 Regulations Practice Questions

Regulations questions check that you can apply the rules in 14 CFR Part 107, not just recite them. These Part 107 practice questions cover who needs a remote pilot certificate and how to keep it current, registration and Remote ID, what the remote pilot in command is responsible for, the operating limits in § 107.51, night operations, flights over people and moving vehicles, and how waivers work.

48% of the test. That is the FAA weighting for this area since September 29, 2025 — about 29 of the 60 scored questions.

Practice regulations

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Every explanation quotes the regulation it is based on and links to the current text on eCFR, so you can check the rule yourself. Many questions put a rule into a short scenario, so practice applying it to the situation in front of you.

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Free regulations questions with answers

59 of the 237 questions in this area are free to read here. Try to answer before you open the explanation.

  1. Remote pilot certification

    A private pilot certificated under Part 61 has a current flight review and wants to fly a drone commercially under Part 107. Which statement is correct?

    1. The private pilot certificate alone lets the pilot act as remote PIC under Part 107.
    2. The pilot may take FAA online training instead of the knowledge test and then apply.
    3. The pilot must pass the UAG test, because Part 61 certificates give no Part 107 credit.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. The pilot may take FAA online training instead of the knowledge test and then apply.

    Under 14 CFR 107.61(d)(2), a person who holds a Part 61 pilot certificate (other than a student pilot certificate) and meets the flight review requirements of § 61.56 may complete training covering the areas in § 107.74 instead of passing the knowledge test; the FAA's course for this is ALC-451. The pilot must still apply for and receive a remote pilot certificate, because § 107.12(b) allows only a holder of a remote pilot certificate with a small UAS rating to act as remote PIC. Saying the pilot must take the UAG test ignores the training option.

    Source

  2. Remote pilot certification

    A first-time applicant with no Part 61 certificate passed the UAG test and completes the remote pilot application online in IACRA. Whose signature does the application require?

    1. A flight instructor's, after an in-person identity check.
    2. Only the applicant's own electronic signature.
    3. A pilot examiner's, after a short practical test.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. Only the applicant's own electronic signature.

    AC 107-2A paragraph 6.4.1 explains that an applicant who passed the knowledge test signs the IACRA application electronically and submits it; no FAA representative is required to sign if the applicant was able to self-certify, and the only electronic signature on the application is the applicant's. The testing center proctor has already verified the applicant's identity. An in-person identity check and signature by a certifying official such as a flight instructor belongs to the separate route for current Part 61 pilots, and Part 107 has no practical test.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 6-2 No FAA representative will be required to sign the application if the applicant was able to self-certify.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 6-2 The only electronic signature reflected on the IACRA application will be the applicant's.
  3. Remote pilot certification

    A first-time applicant who holds no Part 61 certificate passes the UAG test, then mails a paper FAA Form 8710-13 with the original test report instead of using IACRA. What should the applicant expect?

    1. No temporary certificate will be provided; the applicant waits for the permanent one.
    2. A 120-day temporary certificate will be mailed to the applicant before the permanent one.
    3. The testing center will issue a temporary certificate along with the test report.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. No temporary certificate will be provided; the applicant waits for the permanent one.

    AC 107-2A paragraph 6.4.1 (Option 2) states that a temporary airman certificate will not be provided to a remote pilot applicant who does not hold a Part 61 certificate when the paper method is used, which is why the AC recommends IACRA: online applicants can print a temporary certificate once TSA vetting is complete. A mailed temporary certificate is therefore not part of this route. The testing center proctor gives the applicant a printed knowledge test report showing the score, not a certificate.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 6-2 A Temporary Airman Certificate will not be provided to the remote pilot applicant if the applicant does not hold a part 61 certificate.
    • Airman Testing FAQ, p. 3 After you complete an airman knowledge test, the testing center proctor will issue you a printed AKTR, which shows your score and codes related to any questions you may have answered incorrectly.
  4. Remote pilot certification

    Comparing 14 CFR 107.73 and 107.74, which area of knowledge is listed for the initial aeronautical knowledge test but is NOT listed for the training taken by Part 61 pilots with a current flight review?

    1. Emergency procedures for small UAS operations.
    2. Airspace classification and flight restrictions.
    3. Operation of small unmanned aircraft at night.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. Airspace classification and flight restrictions.

    Section 107.73 lists the areas of knowledge for the initial test and recurrent training, including airspace classification, operating requirements, and flight restrictions affecting small unmanned aircraft operation. Section 107.74 lists a shorter set for current Part 61 pilots that leaves out airspace, aviation weather sources, radio communication procedures, physiological effects of drugs and alcohol, aeronautical decision-making, and airport operations. Emergency procedures and operation at night appear in both lists, so neither is the difference.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.73(b) Airspace classification, operating requirements, and flight restrictions affecting small unmanned aircraft operation;
    • 14 CFR 107.74(d)-(h) (d) Emergency procedures; (e) Crew resource management; (f) Determining the performance of the small unmanned aircraft; (g) Maintenance and preflight inspection procedures; and (h) Operation at night.
  5. Remote pilot certification

    An applicant fails the UAG knowledge test. Under Part 107, how long must the applicant wait before reapplying for the test?

    1. 30 calendar days.
    2. 7 calendar days.
    3. 14 calendar days.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. 14 calendar days.

    14 CFR 107.71 states that an applicant who fails a knowledge test may not reapply for the test for 14 calendar days after failing it. The FAA's drone FAQ gives the same answer: you may retake the test after 14 days. Neither 30 nor 7 calendar days appears in § 107.71. Do not confuse this waiting period with the 1-year bar in § 107.69, which applies only when the FAA finds that an applicant cheated or engaged in other prohibited conduct on a test.

    Source

  6. Remote pilot certification

    A remote pilot needs to report a change of permanent mailing address for the remote pilot certificate. Which method does 14 CFR 107.77 accept?

    1. Updating the address on file with the knowledge testing center.
    2. Writing the new address on the back of the remote pilot certificate.
    3. A letter to the FAA Airman Certification Branch or the FAA website.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. A letter to the FAA Airman Certification Branch or the FAA website.

    Section 107.77(c) lists two ways to notify the FAA of a new permanent mailing address: by letter to the FAA Airman Certification Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125, or by using the FAA website portal at www.faa.gov. If the new mailing address is a post office box, the holder must also provide a current residential address. Updating records with the testing center is not one of the two methods, and handwriting a new address on the certificate does not notify the FAA at all.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.77(c)(1) By letter to the FAA Airman Certification Branch, P.O. Box 25082, Oklahoma City, OK 73125 providing the new permanent mailing address
    • 14 CFR 107.77(c)(2) By using the FAA Web site portal at www.faa.gov providing the new permanent mailing address
  7. Remote pilot certification

    A remote pilot is convicted of violating a State statute relating to the sale of narcotic drugs. Under 14 CFR 107.57, what may the FAA do?

    1. Nothing, because the offense did not involve a drone.
    2. Require the pilot to complete recurrent training within 14 days.
    3. Suspend or revoke the pilot's remote pilot certificate.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. Suspend or revoke the pilot's remote pilot certificate.

    Section 107.57(a) states that a conviction for violating any Federal or State statute relating to the growing, processing, manufacture, sale, disposition, possession, transportation, or importation of narcotic drugs, marijuana, or depressant or stimulant drugs or substances is grounds for suspension or revocation of a remote pilot certificate, or for denying an application for up to 1 year after the final conviction. The rule does not require that a drone be involved in the offense, and Part 107 does not use recurrent training as a sanction for drug convictions.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.57(a) A conviction for the violation of any Federal or State statute relating to the growing, processing, manufacture, sale, disposition, possession, transportation, or importation of narcotic drugs, marijuana, or depressant or stimulant drugs or substances is grounds for:
    • 14 CFR 107.57(a)(2) Suspension or revocation of a remote pilot certificate with a small UAS rating.
  8. Registration and Remote ID

    A remote pilot will fly a drone weighing 0.4 pounds (under 250 grams) on takeoff for a paid real estate shoot under Part 107. Must the drone be registered?

    1. Yes; drones operated under Part 107 must be registered regardless of weight.
    2. No; drones weighing 0.55 pounds or less are always exempt from registration.
    3. Only if the flight will take place in controlled airspace.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. Yes; drones operated under Part 107 must be registered regardless of weight.

    The registration exception in 14 CFR 48.15(b) applies only when an aircraft weighing 0.55 pounds or less is operated exclusively under the limited recreational exception of 49 U.S.C. 44809. A paid Part 107 job is not such an operation, so the exception does not apply. The Remote ID final rule states that small unmanned aircraft operating under Part 107 must register regardless of weight, and the FAA's FAQ says all drones operated under Part 107 must be registered. Airspace class has no bearing on whether registration is required.

    Source

  9. Registration and Remote ID

    A remote pilot is marking a newly registered drone. Where must the registration number be displayed?

    1. Legibly on an external surface of the aircraft.
    2. Inside the battery compartment of the aircraft.
    3. On the controller or other control station.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. Legibly on an external surface of the aircraft.

    Under 14 CFR 48.200 and 48.205, a registered small unmanned aircraft must display its unique identifier, normally the registration number, legibly on an external surface of the aircraft; it must be affixed so that it remains attached for the duration of each operation and kept in a legible condition. A number placed inside the battery compartment is not on an external surface. Marking only the controller does not meet the requirement either, because the identifier must be displayed on the small unmanned aircraft itself.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 48.205(c) The unique identifier must be legibly displayed on an external surface of the small unmanned aircraft.
    • 14 CFR 48.205(b) The unique identifier must be affixed to the small unmanned aircraft by any means necessary to ensure that it will remain affixed for the duration of each operation.
  10. Registration and Remote ID

    A remote pilot wants to mark a registered drone with its manufacturer serial number instead of the FAA registration number. Under 14 CFR 48.200, when is this permitted?

    1. Whenever the serial number was included in the registration application.
    2. Only if the FAA Administrator has authorized it.
    3. Never; the registration number is the only allowed identifier.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. Only if the FAA Administrator has authorized it.

    Section 48.200(b) defines the unique identifier as either the registration number issued by the Registry or, if authorized by the Administrator, the small unmanned aircraft serial number provided with the registration application under § 48.110(a). Listing the serial number in the application is therefore not enough by itself; FAA authorization is required. Saying the serial number is never allowed is also wrong, because the rule expressly permits it with that authorization. Whichever identifier is used must be legible and displayed on an external surface.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 48.200(b)(2) If authorized by the Administrator, the small unmanned aircraft serial number provided with the application for Certificate of Aircraft Registration under § 48.110(a).
  11. Registration and Remote ID

    Which event ends the effectiveness of a Certificate of Aircraft Registration for a drone registered under Part 107?

    1. The drone is totally destroyed or scrapped.
    2. The owner's remote pilot recency lapses.
    3. The owner moves to a different state.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. The drone is totally destroyed or scrapped.

    Under 14 CFR 48.100(d), a Part 107 drone's registration remains effective until it is revoked, canceled, or expires, ownership is transferred, or one of several listed events occurs, including the aircraft being totally destroyed or scrapped, the holder losing U.S. citizenship, or 30 days passing after the holder's death. Remote pilot recency is an airman requirement under § 107.65 and does not affect the aircraft registration. Moving does not end the registration, although the new address must be updated within 14 calendar days under § 48.115.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 48.100(d)(2) The small unmanned aircraft is totally destroyed or scrapped.
    • 14 CFR 48.100(d) is effective, unless registration has ended by reason of having been revoked, canceled, expired, or the ownership is transferred, until the date upon which one of the following events occurs
  12. Registration and Remote ID

    Who is eligible to apply to the FAA for the establishment of an FAA-recognized identification area (FRIA)?

    1. Any individual who holds a current remote pilot certificate and a registered drone.
    2. Any drone manufacturer with an FAA-accepted declaration of compliance.
    3. An FAA-recognized community-based organization or an educational institution.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. An FAA-recognized community-based organization or an educational institution.

    Under 14 CFR 89.205, only two kinds of applicants are eligible to request a FRIA: a community-based organization recognized by the Administrator, and an educational institution, including primary and secondary schools, trade schools, colleges, and universities. Holding a remote pilot certificate does not make an individual eligible. A manufacturer's declaration of compliance concerns the production of standard Remote ID aircraft and broadcast modules under Part 89 subpart F, not the establishment of flying sites for aircraft without Remote ID.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 89.205 (a) A community-based organization recognized by the Administrator. (b) An educational institution, including primary and secondary educational institutions, trade schools, colleges, and universities.
  13. Registration and Remote ID

    A university's FAA-recognized identification area has just been approved. How long will it remain in effect, and when must a renewal request be submitted?

    1. 48 calendar months; no later than 120 days before it expires.
    2. 24 calendar months; no later than 30 days before it expires.
    3. 36 calendar months; within 10 calendar days after it expires.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. 48 calendar months; no later than 120 days before it expires.

    Under 14 CFR 89.225(a), an FAA-recognized identification area is in effect for 48 calendar months after the FAA approves the request. Under § 89.225(b), a renewal request must be submitted no later than 120 days before expiration, and the FAA may deny requests submitted after that deadline or after expiration. Unless renewed, the FRIA expires automatically (§ 89.230(a)). The 10-calendar-day figure in Part 89 is the deadline for reporting changes to FRIA application information (§ 89.220(a)), not a renewal window.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 89.225(a) an FAA-recognized identification area will be in effect for 48 calendar months after the date the FAA approves the request for establishment of an FAA-recognized identification area.
    • 14 CFR 89.225(b) A person wishing to renew an FAA-recognized identification area must submit a request for renewal no later than 120 days prior to the expiration of the FAA-recognized identification area
    • 14 CFR 89.220(a) must be submitted to the FAA within 10 calendar days of the change.
  14. Registration and Remote ID

    A university research team wants to fly an unmanned aircraft without Remote ID solely for aeronautical research. Which statement is correct?

    1. No authorization is needed, because research flights are exempt by default.
    2. Research flights may skip Remote ID if they remain below 400 feet AGL.
    3. The FAA may authorize it, for example with a Remote ID Letter of Authorization.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. The FAA may authorize it, for example with a Remote ID Letter of Authorization.

    Under 14 CFR 89.120, the Administrator may authorize operations without remote identification when the operation is solely for aeronautical research or to show compliance with regulations, and the FAA issues Remote ID Letters of Authorization to operators for these purposes. Research flights are not exempt by default: § 89.105 prohibits operating without meeting the Remote ID requirements except as otherwise authorized by the Administrator or as provided in § 89.120. No altitude limit creates an exception to Remote ID.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 89.120 The Administrator may authorize operations without remote identification where the operation is solely for the purpose of aeronautical research or to show compliance with regulations.
    • FAA web page, Remote ID Authorizations The FAA issues Remote ID Letters of Authorization to drone operators for the purpose of aeronautical research or to show compliance with regulations.
  15. Registration and Remote ID

    After what date did 14 CFR 89.105 prohibit operating an unmanned aircraft in U.S. airspace unless the operation meets the Remote ID requirements?

    1. April 21, 2021.
    2. September 16, 2022.
    3. September 16, 2023.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. September 16, 2023.

    14 CFR 89.105 states that, except as otherwise authorized by the Administrator or as provided in § 89.120, after September 16, 2023 no person may operate an unmanned aircraft within the airspace of the United States unless the operation meets § 89.110 (standard Remote ID) or § 89.115 (broadcast module or FRIA). September 16, 2022 was the compliance date for the production requirements of §§ 89.510 and 89.515, and April 21, 2021 was the date the FAA gave as the effective date of the new Part 89.

    Source

  16. Operating rules

    A remote pilot edits the completion date on a copy of his recurrent training certificate so that he appears to be current. Which statement about this conduct is correct?

    1. It breaks FAA rules only if he flies while relying on the edited copy.
    2. It is acceptable if he completes the training within the next 30 days.
    3. It is a prohibited alteration for a fraudulent purpose and can lead to certificate action.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. It is a prohibited alteration for a fraudulent purpose and can lead to certificate action.

    14 CFR 3.403(b), which replaced the former falsification rule in § 107.5, prohibits any production, reproduction, or alteration, for a fraudulent purpose, of a document submitted or granted under the covered regulations or kept, made, or used to show compliance. The FAA's FAQ notes that a remote pilot must be able to show a copy of the training completion certificate as proof of currency, so changing its date to appear current is that kind of alteration. Under § 3.403(d), the act itself is a basis for suspending or revoking certificates the person holds, or for a civil penalty; no later flight is needed. Completing the training afterward does not cure the falsified document.

    Source

  17. Operating rules

    During landing, a drone's propeller strikes the visual observer, who is hospitalized with a broken wrist. No property other than the drone is damaged. Is a report to the FAA required?

    1. Yes, because a serious injury to any person is reportable.
    2. No, because the visual observer was a crew member.
    3. No, because no property damage exceeded $500.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. Yes, because a serious injury to any person is reportable.

    14 CFR 107.9(a) requires a report for serious injury to any person, with no exception for crew members such as a visual observer. AC 107-2A explains that a serious injury is one at Level 3 or higher on the Abbreviated Injury Scale and gives as an example an injury that requires hospitalization but can fully heal, including broken bones. A broken wrist requiring hospitalization fits that description, so the remote PIC must report no later than 10 calendar days after the operation. The $500 property thresholds in § 107.9(b) are a separate trigger; an injury is reportable even when no property is damaged.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.9(a) Serious injury to any person or any loss of consciousness
    • AC 107-2A, p. 4-5 A serious injury is an injury that qualifies as Level 3 or higher on the Abbreviated Injury Scale (AIS) of the Association for the Advancement of Automotive Medicine (AAAM).
    • AC 107-2A, p. 4-5 AIS 3 Example: A person requires hospitalization, but the injury can fully heal (including, but not limited to, head trauma, broken bone(s), or laceration(s) to the skin that requires suturing).
  18. Operating rules

    A drone loses power and falls onto a parked car worth about $18,000, causing damage that will cost $650 in parts and labor to repair. No one is hurt. What is the remote PIC's reporting obligation?

    1. No report, because the car is worth far more than $500.
    2. No report, because no person was injured in the event.
    3. Report it to the FAA within 10 calendar days, since repairs exceed $500.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. Report it to the FAA within 10 calendar days, since repairs exceed $500.

    Under 14 CFR 107.9(b), damage to any property other than the small unmanned aircraft is reportable unless the cost of repair, including materials and labor, does not exceed $500, or the fair market value of the property does not exceed $500 in the event of total loss. A $650 repair exceeds $500, and the car is not a total loss, so neither exception applies; the remote PIC must report no later than 10 calendar days after the operation. The car's high value does not help, because the market-value exception applies only to property worth $500 or less that is a total loss. Injury is a separate trigger, not a condition for reporting property damage.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.9(b) Damage to any property, other than the small unmanned aircraft, unless one of the following conditions is satisfied:
    • 14 CFR 107.9(b)(1) (1) The cost of repair (including materials and labor) does not exceed $500; or
    • 14 CFR 107.9(b)(2) (2) The fair market value of the property does not exceed $500 in the event of total loss.
  19. Operating rules

    A remote PIC asks a friend to serve as visual observer. What medical requirement applies to the friend?

    1. No medical certificate, but no known condition that would interfere with safe operation.
    2. A current third-class airman medical certificate issued by an FAA examiner.
    3. A vision test given by the remote PIC on the day of the flight.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. No medical certificate, but no known condition that would interfere with safe operation.

    AC 107-2A states that the person manipulating the controls and the visual observer are not required to obtain an airman medical certificate, so a third-class medical is not needed. However, 14 CFR 107.17 prohibits anyone from acting as remote PIC, visual observer, person manipulating the controls, or other direct participant if he or she knows or has reason to know of a physical or mental condition that would interfere with the safe operation of the small UAS. Part 107 has no vision test given by the remote PIC; instead, § 107.33(b) requires the remote PIC to ensure the observer is able to see the aircraft as § 107.31 specifies.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-3 the person manipulating the controls of a small unmanned aircraft and VO are not required to obtain an airman medical certificate
    • 14 CFR 107.17 if he or she knows or has reason to know that he or she has a physical or mental condition that would interfere with the safe operation of the small unmanned aircraft system.
    • 14 CFR 107.33(b) The remote pilot in command must ensure that the visual observer is able to see the unmanned aircraft in the manner specified in § 107.31.
  20. Operating rules

    A remote PIC will let a trainee with no remote pilot certificate fly under her supervision, but she has no second control station. According to AC 107-2A, which method can still give her the ability to take immediate, direct control?

    1. Watching the flight on a tablet video feed from inside a nearby building.
    2. Telling the trainee before takeoff to land if anything goes wrong.
    3. Standing close enough to physically take over the trainee's control station.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. Standing close enough to physically take over the trainee's control station.

    Under 14 CFR 107.12(a)(2), a person without a remote pilot certificate may manipulate the flight controls only under the direct supervision of a remote PIC who has the ability to immediately take direct control. AC 107-2A describes several methods: a buddy-box system with two control stations that lets the remote PIC override the other, standing close enough to the person manipulating the controls to physically take over the control station, or an automation system the remote PIC can immediately engage to put the aircraft in a pre-programmed safe mode. Without a second control station, standing beside the trainee works. A video feed watched from a building gives no immediate control, and a pre-flight instruction to land leaves control with the trainee.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.12(a)(2) That person is under the direct supervision of a remote pilot in command and the remote pilot in command has the ability to immediately take direct control of the flight of the small unmanned aircraft.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-2 close enough to the person manipulating the flight controls so that he or she would be able to physically take over the CS from the other person.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-1 one for the person manipulating the flight controls and one for the remote PIC that allows the remote PIC to override the other CS and immediately take direct control of the small unmanned aircraft
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-2 Another method could employ the use of an automation system where the remote PIC could immediately engage that system to put the small unmanned aircraft in a pre-programmed
  21. Operating rules

    A remote PIC deviates from a Part 107 rule to deal with an in-flight emergency. What reporting does 14 CFR 107.21 require?

    1. A written report to the FAA within 10 calendar days in every case.
    2. A written report of the deviation, if the FAA requests one.
    3. An immediate telephone report to the nearest ATC facility.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. A written report of the deviation, if the FAA requests one.

    Under 14 CFR 107.21(b), each remote PIC who deviates from a rule during an in-flight emergency must, upon request of the Administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the FAA. The FAA study guide puts it simply: the remote pilot reports the deviation if asked to do so by the FAA. The 10-calendar-day deadline comes from § 107.9 safety event reporting, which is triggered by serious injury, any loss of consciousness, or reportable damage to property other than the small unmanned aircraft, not by the deviation itself. Section 107.21 contains no requirement to telephone ATC. If the emergency also causes a reportable injury or damage, the § 107.9 report is still required.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.21(b) Each remote pilot in command who deviates from a rule under paragraph (a) of this section must, upon request of the Administrator, send a written report of that deviation to the Administrator.
    • FAA-G-8082-22, p. 35 When a remote pilot does deviate from a rule due to an emergency, the remote will report the emergency if asked to do so by the FAA
  22. Operating rules

    A remote PIC wants to release a small foam marker from the aircraft onto an empty, fenced field to mark a survey point. How does 14 CFR 107.23 treat this?

    1. It is prohibited, because Part 107 bans dropping any object from the aircraft.
    2. It is allowed only under a certificate of waiver for dropping objects.
    3. It is allowed if the drop creates no undue hazard to persons or property.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. It is allowed if the drop creates no undue hazard to persons or property.

    14 CFR 107.23(b) prohibits allowing an object to be dropped from a small unmanned aircraft in a manner that creates an undue hazard to persons or property. Part 107 does not ban dropping objects outright, so releasing a light marker onto an empty, fenced field where no one can be endangered is permitted. No waiver is involved: § 107.23 is not among the regulations that § 107.205 lists as subject to waiver. Before the flight, the remote PIC must still ensure that any object carried is secure and does not adversely affect the aircraft's flight characteristics or controllability (§ 107.49(e)).

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.23(b) Allow an object to be dropped from a small unmanned aircraft in a manner that creates an undue hazard to persons or property.
    • 14 CFR 107.205 A certificate of waiver issued pursuant to § 107.200 may authorize a deviation from the following regulations of this part:
    • 14 CFR 107.49(e) Ensure that any object attached or carried by the small unmanned aircraft is secure and does not adversely affect the flight characteristics or controllability of the aircraft;
  23. Operating rules

    A remote PIC wants to film a remote stretch of coastline while flying a small UAS from a moving boat. The area is sparsely populated and the aircraft carries no property. May she do this under Part 107?

    1. No, Part 107 prohibits operating a small UAS from any moving vehicle.
    2. Yes, but only after obtaining a waiver for moving-vehicle operations.
    3. Yes, operating from a moving boat over a sparsely populated area is allowed.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. Yes, operating from a moving boat over a sparsely populated area is allowed.

    14 CFR 107.25(b) prohibits operating from a moving land or water-borne vehicle unless the small unmanned aircraft is flown over a sparsely populated area and is not transporting another person's property for compensation or hire. Both conditions are met here, so the flight is allowed without a waiver. AC 107-2A confirms that Part 107 permits operation from a moving land or water-borne vehicle over a sparsely populated area. Every other Part 107 rule still applies: the remote PIC operating from a moving vehicle must still maintain visual line of sight, and a visual observer in a different vehicle must keep effective communication with the remote PIC.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.25(b) From a moving land or water-borne vehicle unless the small unmanned aircraft is flown over a sparsely populated area and is not transporting another person's property for compensation or hire.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 Part 107 permits operation of a small unmanned aircraft from a moving land or water-borne vehicle over a sparsely-populated area.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 The remote PIC operating from a moving vehicle is still required to maintain VLOS.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 If a VO is not located in the same vehicle as the remote PIC, the VO and remote PIC must still maintain effective communication.
  24. Operating rules

    Ten hours after his last drink, a remote PIC takes a test showing a blood alcohol concentration of 0.05 percent. May he act as remote PIC?

    1. Yes, because more than 8 hours have passed since his last drink.
    2. No, not until his blood alcohol concentration falls below 0.04 percent.
    3. Yes, because the 0.04 percent limit applies only to manned aircraft pilots.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. No, not until his blood alcohol concentration falls below 0.04 percent.

    The alcohol rules that 14 CFR 107.27 incorporates from 14 CFR 91.17 have independent conditions: no alcohol within the preceding 8 hours, not under the influence, and a blood alcohol concentration below .04 percent. AC 107-2A lists a concentration of .04 percent or greater as disqualifying, and the FAA study guide explains that a pilot with .04 percent or greater after 8 hours cannot fly until the level falls below that amount. Passing the 8-hour mark satisfies only one condition. Section 107.27 expressly applies § 91.17 to remote PICs, persons manipulating the controls, and visual observers, so the limit is not only for manned aircraft pilots.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-13 Has a blood alcohol concentration of .04 percent or greater; or
    • FAA-G-8082-22, p. 50 A pilot with a blood alcohol level of .04 percent or greater after 8 hours cannot fly until the blood alcohol falls below that amount.
    • 14 CFR 107.27 A person manipulating the flight controls of a small unmanned aircraft system or acting as a remote pilot in command or visual observer must comply with the provisions of §§ 91.17 and 91.19 of this chapter.
  25. Operating rules

    During a flight, a remote PIC glances down at the controller to check the battery level, briefly losing sight of the aircraft. How does FAA guidance treat this?

    1. It is acceptable, as long as he retains the capability to see the aircraft.
    2. It is a violation, because the aircraft must be watched every second.
    3. It is acceptable, but only for up to 30 seconds at a time.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. It is acceptable, as long as he retains the capability to see the aircraft.

    AC 107-2A explains that the person maintaining VLOS may have brief moments of not looking directly at or being unable to see the small unmanned aircraft, as long as he or she still retains the capability to see it or quickly maneuver it back to VLOS. Looking at the controller to determine remaining battery life is one of its examples. The guidance deliberately sets no specific time interval for permissible interruptions, because a fixed allowance could permit a hazardous interruption, so a 30-second rule is wrong. The remote PIC keeps the see-and-avoid responsibilities of §§ 107.31 and 107.37 throughout the flight.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-5 may have brief moments in which he or she is not looking directly at or cannot see the small unmanned aircraft, but still retains the capability to see the small unmanned aircraft
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-5 These moments may be necessary for the remote PIC to look at the controller to determine remaining battery life or for operational awareness.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-6 For this reason, no specific time interval exists in which interruption of VLOS is permissible, as it would have the effect of potentially allowing a hazardous interruption of the operation.
  26. Operating rules

    When a visual observer is used, 14 CFR 107.33 requires the remote PIC, the person manipulating the controls, and the observer to coordinate to do which of the following?

    1. Scan the airspace for collision hazards and track the aircraft by direct sight.
    2. Relay position reports to the nearest ATC facility during flight.
    3. Keep the aircraft within 400 feet of the observer at all times.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. Scan the airspace for collision hazards and track the aircraft by direct sight.

    14 CFR 107.33(c) requires the remote PIC, the person manipulating the flight controls, and the visual observer to coordinate to scan the airspace where the small unmanned aircraft is operating for any potential collision hazard, and to maintain awareness of the aircraft's position through direct visual observation. AC 107-2A explains that the VO does this by communicating the aircraft's flight status and any collision hazards to the remote PIC and person manipulating the controls so they can take appropriate action. Part 107 does not require position reports to ATC, and it sets no fixed distance between the aircraft and the observer; the observer must simply be able to see the aircraft as § 107.31 requires.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.33(c) The remote pilot in command, the person manipulating the flight controls of the small unmanned aircraft system, and the visual observer must coordinate to do the following:
    • 14 CFR 107.33(c)(1)-(2) (1) Scan the airspace where the small unmanned aircraft is operating for any potential collision hazard; and (2) Maintain awareness of the position of the small unmanned aircraft through direct visual observation.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-7 flight status of the small unmanned aircraft and any collision hazards which may enter the area of operation, so that the remote PIC or person manipulating the controls can take appropriate action.
    • 14 CFR 107.33(b) The remote pilot in command must ensure that the visual observer is able to see the unmanned aircraft in the manner specified in § 107.31.
  27. Operating rules

    14 CFR 107.36 prohibits a small unmanned aircraft from carrying hazardous material. Where is hazardous material defined for this rule?

    1. In 14 CFR 1.1.
    2. In 14 CFR 107.3.
    3. In 49 CFR 171.8.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. In 49 CFR 171.8.

    14 CFR 107.36 states that a small unmanned aircraft may not carry hazardous material and that, for purposes of that section, the term hazardous material is defined in 49 CFR 171.8. The term is not taken from the general definitions of 14 CFR 1.1, and it is not among the Part 107 definitions in § 107.3. AC 107-2A adds that carriage of any hazardous material on a small unmanned aircraft may only occur if the operator holds an exemption that permits such carriage. Tip: note the different title, 49 CFR rather than 14 CFR.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.36 A small unmanned aircraft may not carry hazardous material. For purposes of this section, the term hazardous material is defined in 49 CFR 171.8.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-13 The carriage of any hazardous material on a small unmanned aircraft may only occur if the operator holds an exemption that permits such carriage.
  28. Operating rules

    Under 14 CFR 107.37, to whom must a small unmanned aircraft yield the right of way?

    1. All aircraft, airborne vehicles, and launch and reentry vehicles.
    2. Only manned aircraft that are in distress or landing.
    3. Only aircraft operating under instrument flight rules.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. All aircraft, airborne vehicles, and launch and reentry vehicles.

    14 CFR 107.37(a) requires each small unmanned aircraft to yield the right of way to all aircraft, airborne vehicles, and launch and reentry vehicles. The duty is not limited to aircraft in distress or landing, and it is not limited to aircraft flying under instrument flight rules. AC 107-2A describes it as the remote PIC's responsibility to operate so that the small unmanned aircraft remains clear of and yields to all other aircraft, traditionally referred to as see and avoid. Tip: under Part 107 the drone always gives way.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.37(a) Each small unmanned aircraft must yield the right of way to all aircraft, airborne vehicles, and launch and reentry vehicles.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 A remote PIC has a responsibility to operate the small unmanned aircraft so that it remains clear of and yields to all other aircraft (§ 107.37).
  29. Operating rules

    A news helicopter approaches at low altitude while a remote PIC is filming nearby. The remote PIC considers flying the drone underneath the helicopter's path to keep the shot. What does yielding the right of way require?

    1. Giving way and not passing over, under, or ahead of it unless well clear.
    2. Holding course, since the helicopter pilot must see and avoid the drone.
    3. Passing under the helicopter quickly to limit time spent near it.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. Giving way and not passing over, under, or ahead of it unless well clear.

    14 CFR 107.37(a) requires the small unmanned aircraft to yield the right of way to all aircraft and defines yielding as giving way to the aircraft or vehicle and not passing over, under, or ahead of it unless well clear. Flying beneath the helicopter's path, quickly or not, is the kind of crossing the rule forbids unless the drone is well clear. Expecting the helicopter pilot to see and avoid the drone reverses the responsibility: AC 107-2A says the remote PIC must take action to ensure other aircraft will not need to maneuver to avoid the small unmanned aircraft. Section 107.37(b) also prohibits operating so close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.37(a) Yielding the right of way means that the small unmanned aircraft must give way to the aircraft or vehicle and may not pass over, under, or ahead of it unless well clear.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 The remote PIC must take action to ensure other aircraft will not need to maneuver to avoid colliding with the small unmanned aircraft.
    • 14 CFR 107.37(b) No person may operate a small unmanned aircraft so close to another aircraft as to create a collision hazard.
  30. Operating limitations

    A remote pilot's new fixed-wing small UA has no groundspeed readout. According to AC 107-2A, which method could the pilot use to make sure the aircraft stays within the Part 107 speed limit?

    1. Assume the groundspeed always equals the cruise airspeed listed by the manufacturer.
    2. Ask the nearest air traffic control facility to measure the aircraft's speed on radar.
    3. Time the aircraft between two or more fixed points, accounting for wind, and note the power setting.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. Time the aircraft between two or more fixed points, accounting for wind, and note the power setting.

    AC 107-2A, paragraph 5.12.1, lists ways for the remote PIC to ensure the aircraft does not exceed 87 knots groundspeed. One is timing the aircraft between two or more fixed points while considering wind speed and direction, then noting the power settings that keep it at or below 87 knots. Others are a GPS device that reports groundspeed and manufacturer design limitations such as installed groundspeed limiters. Assuming groundspeed equals the published cruise airspeed ignores the wind, which the AC specifically says to consider. A radar speed check from ATC is not one of the listed methods; the guidance describes means the remote PIC uses to ensure compliance with 14 CFR 107.51(a).

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-11 Timing the groundspeed of the small unmanned aircraft when it is flown between two or more fixed points, considering wind speed and direction between each point, then noting the power settings
  31. Operating limitations

    In Class G airspace, a remote pilot is filming a 300-foot office building. The aircraft is hovering 550 feet horizontally from the building. At that position, what is the maximum altitude it may climb to without a waiver?

    1. 700 feet AGL.
    2. 400 feet AGL.
    3. 300 feet AGL.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. 400 feet AGL.

    The structure exception in 14 CFR 107.51(b) applies only while the small unmanned aircraft is flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure. At 550 feet from the building, the aircraft is outside that radius, so the normal limit of 400 feet AGL applies. 700 feet AGL (300 + 400) would be available only if the aircraft moved within 400 feet of the building and stayed no higher than 400 feet above its top. 300 feet AGL wrongly treats the building height as a ceiling; a nearby structure never lowers the 400-foot AGL limit. Tip: the exception has two conditions, horizontal distance and height above the structure, and they must be met at the same time.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.51(b) The altitude of the small unmanned aircraft cannot be higher than 400 feet above ground level, unless the small unmanned aircraft: (1) Is flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure; and
  32. Operating limitations

    A remote pilot is flying a small UA that has no altitude readout. Which technique described in AC 107-2A can help the pilot stay at or below 400 feet AGL?

    1. Climbing until the aircraft is just below the base of the lowest clouds.
    2. Pacing off 400 feet on the ground before flight to learn what that distance looks like.
    3. Climbing until the control link signal first begins to weaken.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. Pacing off 400 feet on the ground before flight to learn what that distance looks like.

    AC 107-2A, paragraph 5.12.2, lists ways to determine altitude, including having the remote pilot and visual observer pace off 400 feet from the aircraft while it is on the ground to get a visual perspective of that distance, then keeping that perspective (or closer) in flight. Other listed methods are a calibrated altitude-reporting device, a GPS that reports MSL altitude, and the known height of local terrain or structures. Climbing to just below the cloud base gives no altitude reference and would also violate the 14 CFR 107.51(d) requirement to stay at least 500 feet below clouds. Waiting for the control link to weaken is not a listed method and says nothing reliable about height above the ground.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 Having the remote pilot and VO pace off 400 feet from the small unmanned aircraft while it is on the ground to get a visual perspective of distance
  33. Operating limitations

    For the purposes of 14 CFR 107.51, how is flight visibility defined during the day?

    1. The average slant distance from the control station at which prominent unlighted objects can be seen and identified by day.
    2. The greatest distance at which the remote pilot can keep the small UA in sight without a vision aid.
    3. The prevailing visibility reported by the nearest airport weather station at the time of flight.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. The average slant distance from the control station at which prominent unlighted objects can be seen and identified by day.

    14 CFR 107.51(c) defines flight visibility as the average slant distance from the control station at which prominent unlighted objects may be seen and identified by day, and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night. The distance at which you can keep the aircraft itself in sight relates to the visual line of sight rule in § 107.31, not to this definition. A local aviation weather report is one means of determining visibility, but the rule defines visibility from the control station rather than as an airport report. Tip: picture looking up and out from your control station at a prominent landmark; that slant view is what the rule measures.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.51(c) flight visibility means the average slant distance from the control station at which prominent unlighted objects may be seen and identified by day and prominent lighted objects may be seen and identified by night.
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 Obtaining local aviation weather reports that include current and forecast weather conditions is one means of determining visibility and cloud clearance.
  34. Operating limitations

    A remote pilot is surveying flat farmland in Class G airspace. The base of an overcast cloud layer is 700 feet AGL over the area. What is the highest altitude at which the aircraft may be flown?

    1. 200 feet AGL.
    2. 300 feet AGL.
    3. 400 feet AGL.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. 200 feet AGL.

    14 CFR 107.51(d) requires the small unmanned aircraft to remain at least 500 feet below the cloud. With the cloud base at 700 feet AGL, the highest legal altitude is 700 - 500 = 200 feet AGL. 400 feet AGL is the general altitude limit in § 107.51(b), but the aircraft must meet the cloud-clearance rule too, and the more restrictive limit governs. 300 feet AGL comes from subtracting 400 instead of 500, mixing up the altitude limit with the cloud-clearance distance. Tip: whenever the cloud base is lower than 900 feet AGL, the cloud rule, not the 400-foot rule, sets your ceiling.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.51(d) The minimum distance of the small unmanned aircraft from clouds must be no less than: (1) 500 feet below the cloud
  35. Operating limitations

    You are inspecting a 350-foot tower in Class G airspace and will stay within 400 feet of it horizontally. The base of an overcast cloud layer is 1,000 feet AGL over the site. What is the highest altitude you may fly?

    1. 750 feet AGL.
    2. 500 feet AGL.
    3. 400 feet AGL.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. 500 feet AGL.

    Two limits in 14 CFR 107.51 apply. Under § 107.51(b), staying within a 400-foot radius of the tower allows flight up to 400 feet above its top: 350 + 400 = 750 feet AGL. Under § 107.51(d), the aircraft must remain at least 500 feet below the cloud: 1,000 - 500 = 500 feet AGL. The lower of the two, 500 feet AGL, governs. 750 feet AGL applies the structure exception but forgets the cloud clearance. 400 feet AGL applies the general limit but forgets that the structure exception allows more altitude near the tower. Tip: compute every applicable limit and fly no higher than the lowest one.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.51(b)(1)–(2) Is flown within a 400-foot radius of a structure; and (2) Does not fly higher than 400 feet above the structure's immediate uppermost limit.
    • 14 CFR 107.51(d) The minimum distance of the small unmanned aircraft from clouds must be no less than: (1) 500 feet below the cloud; and (2) 2,000 feet horizontally from the cloud.
  36. Operating limitations

    A remote pilot standing on a ridge wants to fly the aircraft above a layer of low clouds in the valley to capture video of the cloud tops. What does Part 107 guidance say about this plan?

    1. It is not permitted; a small unmanned aircraft cannot be operated above any cloud.
    2. It is permitted if the aircraft stays at least 500 feet above the cloud tops.
    3. It is permitted if the aircraft stays at least 1,000 feet above the cloud tops.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. It is not permitted; a small unmanned aircraft cannot be operated above any cloud.

    14 CFR 107.51(d) sets cloud-clearance distances below and horizontally from clouds, and AC 107-2A, paragraph 5.12.3, states that the small unmanned aircraft cannot be operated above any cloud. The distances above the cloud tops offered in the other choices are therefore wrong: no amount of vertical separation makes flight above a cloud acceptable under Part 107. The same paragraph also says there cannot be obstructions to visibility, such as a cloud, between the aircraft and the remote PIC. Memory tip: Part 107 cloud rules are 500 feet below, 2,000 feet horizontal, and never above.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 The small unmanned aircraft cannot be operated above any cloud
    • 14 CFR 107.51(d) The minimum distance of the small unmanned aircraft from clouds must be no less than: (1) 500 feet below the cloud; and (2) 2,000 feet horizontally from the cloud.
  37. Operating limitations

    A certificated remote PIC lets an uncertificated colleague manipulate the flight controls under direct supervision. Who must comply with the operating limitations of 14 CFR 107.51, such as the 400-foot altitude limit?

    1. Only the remote PIC, because the colleague holds no certificate.
    2. The remote PIC and the person manipulating the flight controls.
    3. Only the colleague, because that person is moving the controls.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. The remote PIC and the person manipulating the flight controls.

    The introductory text of 14 CFR 107.51 says that a remote pilot in command and the person manipulating the flight controls of the small unmanned aircraft system must comply with all of its operating limitations: groundspeed, altitude, visibility, and cloud clearance. Responsibility is therefore shared. The colleague's lack of a certificate does not exempt that person from the limitations while at the controls. Equally, the remote PIC cannot shift compliance onto whoever is holding the controller, because the rule names the remote PIC as well. Tip: whoever is flying the aircraft and the remote PIC overseeing the flight are each bound by § 107.51.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.51 A remote pilot in command and the person manipulating the flight controls of the small unmanned aircraft system must comply with all of the following operating limitations when operating a small unmanned aircraft system
  38. Operating limitations

    Under 14 CFR 91.145, the restricted airspace established for an aerial demonstration, such as a Blue Angels performance, will normally be limited to what radius from the center of the demonstration?

    1. 5 nautical miles.
    2. 3 nautical miles.
    3. 10 nautical miles.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. 5 nautical miles.

    14 CFR 91.145(e)(1) states that the restricted airspace for an aerial demonstration will normally be limited to a 5 nautical mile radius from the center of the demonstration, with an altitude of 17,000 feet MSL for high performance aircraft or 13,000 feet above the surface for certain parachute operations, and no greater than the minimum airspace necessary. A 3 nautical mile radius is the normal size for a major sporting event under § 91.145(e)(2), not an aerial demonstration. 10 nautical miles is not a normal dimension in § 91.145. Always read the NOTAM itself, which specifies the geographic features or coordinates of the restricted area.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 91.145(e)(1) The restricted airspace area will normally be limited to a 5 nautical mile radius from the center of the demonstration
  39. Night operations

    In Ohio, official sunset is 1912 local time. Under Part 107, at what local time does night begin?

    1. 1942, when evening civil twilight ends.
    2. 1912, when the sun officially sets.
    3. 2012, one hour after the official sunset.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. 1942, when evening civil twilight ends.

    Outside Alaska, 14 CFR 107.29(c)(2) defines evening civil twilight as the period that begins at official sunset and ends 30 minutes after it, and AC 107-2A says the same for the continental United States. Night begins when evening civil twilight ends (14 CFR 1.1). With sunset at 1912, civil twilight runs from 1912 to 1942, so night begins at 1942. Sunset only starts civil twilight, which already requires anti-collision lighting but is not yet night. One hour after sunset is not a Part 107 boundary; by 2012 the aircraft would already have been operating at night for 30 minutes.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.29(c)(2) Except for Alaska, a period of time that begins at official sunset and ends 30 minutes after official sunset
    • AC 107-2A, para. 5.7, p. 5-4 In the continental United States, evening civil twilight is the period of sunset until 30 minutes after sunset
    • 14 CFR 1.1 Night means the time between the end of evening civil twilight and the beginning of morning civil twilight, as published in the Air Almanac, converted to local time.
  40. Night operations

    In Kansas, official sunset is 1945 local time. A remote pilot plans a flight from 2000 to 2030 local time. Which requirements of § 107.29 apply?

    1. Anti-collision lighting for the whole flight, but the night testing or training requirement does not apply to it.
    2. No lighting until 2015; from 2015 onward, anti-collision lighting and the night testing or training requirement apply.
    3. Anti-collision lighting for the whole flight, plus the night testing or training requirement for the remote PIC.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. Anti-collision lighting for the whole flight, plus the night testing or training requirement for the remote PIC.

    Evening civil twilight runs from official sunset to 30 minutes after it (14 CFR 107.29(c)(2)), here 1945 to 2015, and night begins when civil twilight ends (14 CFR 1.1). From 2000 to 2015 the flight is in civil twilight, which requires lighted anti-collision lighting visible for at least 3 statute miles (§ 107.29(b)). From 2015 to 2030 it is night, which requires the same lighting plus a remote PIC who completed an initial knowledge test or training under § 107.65 after April 6, 2021 (§ 107.29(a)). Starting the flight in twilight does not exempt its night portion, and twilight itself is not exempt from the lighting rule.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.29(c)(2) Except for Alaska, a period of time that begins at official sunset and ends 30 minutes after official sunset
    • 14 CFR 107.29(a)(1) The remote pilot in command of the small unmanned aircraft has completed an initial knowledge test or training, as applicable, under § 107.65 after April 6, 2021
    • AC 107-2A, para. 5.7, p. 5-4 In the continental United States, evening civil twilight is the period of sunset until 30 minutes after sunset
  41. Night operations

    During civil twilight, a remote pilot is working the aircraft close to herself, and the bright strobe makes it hard to judge the aircraft's attitude. She dims the strobe until it would be visible for only about 1 statute mile. Which statement is correct?

    1. This is not permitted, because the light must remain visible for at least 3 statute miles throughout the flight.
    2. This is permitted, and she could instead switch the strobe off entirely while the aircraft is close to her.
    3. This is permitted, because she judged dimming to be in the interest of safety and the light stays on.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. This is permitted, because she judged dimming to be in the interest of safety and the light stays on.

    14 CFR 107.29(b) requires anti-collision lighting visible for at least 3 statute miles during civil twilight, but it also lets the remote PIC reduce the intensity, without extinguishing it, when operating conditions make that safer. AC 107-2A states that the remote PIC may reduce the visible distance of the lighting to less than 3 statute miles during flight if he or she has determined that doing so is in the interest of safety, and it cites a bright strobe close to the pilot as an example. So the 3-mile figure is the equipment standard, not a ban on in-flight dimming. Switching the light off is not allowed by § 107.29; only its intensity may be reduced.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, para. 5.7.1, p. 5-4 the remote PIC may reduce the visible distance of the lighting to less than 3 sm during flight if he or she has determined that it would be in the interest of safety to do so.
    • 14 CFR 107.29(b) The remote pilot in command may reduce the intensity of, but may not extinguish, the anti-collision lighting if he or she determines that, because of operating conditions, it would be in the interest of safety to do so.
    • AC 107-2A, para. 5.7.2.2, p. 5-5 a bright strobe light on the small unmanned aircraft in very close proximity to the remote pilot could cause the remote pilot to lose the ability to observe the small unmanned aircraft's location, speed, attitude, or altitude with accuracy
  42. Night operations

    According to the FAA, what is the main purpose of the anti-collision lighting required for Part 107 night operations?

    1. To let the remote pilot keep visual line of sight and see the aircraft's orientation.
    2. To light up the landing area so the aircraft can land safely in the dark.
    3. To make the small unmanned aircraft conspicuous to other pilots flying in the same airspace.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. To make the small unmanned aircraft conspicuous to other pilots flying in the same airspace.

    In the 2021 final rule preamble the FAA explained that the purpose of anti-collision lighting is not for the remote pilot to maintain visual line of sight and see the aircraft's orientation, but for the awareness of other pilots operating in the same airspace. That is why 14 CFR 107.29 requires the light to be visible for at least 3 statute miles and to flash at a rate sufficient to avoid a collision. The remote pilot still has to meet the visual line-of-sight rule in § 107.31 by actually seeing the aircraft. Illuminating a landing area is not what § 107.29 addresses; the requirement concerns a conspicuous light on the aircraft itself.

    Source

  43. Night operations

    A remote pilot earned her certificate in 2018 and completed the FAA's online recurrent training in March 2026. Her aircraft has compliant anti-collision lighting. What else does § 107.29 require before she flies at night?

    1. A night endorsement that the FAA adds to her remote pilot certificate after she applies for it.
    2. A practical night flight check with a certificated flight instructor before her first night flight.
    3. Nothing further; her March 2026 recurrent training satisfies the testing or training condition.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. Nothing further; her March 2026 recurrent training satisfies the testing or training condition.

    14 CFR 107.29(a)(1) requires that the remote PIC completed an initial knowledge test or training, as applicable, under § 107.65 after April 6, 2021. Recurrent training covers the § 107.73 knowledge areas, which include operation at night, and AC 107-2A says a remote pilot receives night privileges either by passing a knowledge test with night questions or by completing recurrent training. Her March 2026 training meets that condition and also keeps her current under § 107.65. Part 107 has no night endorsement, and the FAA found that night operations do not call for practical training, so no flight check is required.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.29(a)(1) The remote pilot in command of the small unmanned aircraft has completed an initial knowledge test or training, as applicable, under § 107.65 after April 6, 2021
    • 14 CFR 107.73(m) Maintenance and preflight inspection procedures; and (m) Operation at night.
    • AC 107-2A, para. 5.7.2.1, p. 5-4 A certificated remote pilot receives night operations privileges and may operate at night only after completing either a knowledge test that contains questions on night physiology and night visual illusions, or through completion of recurrent training.
    • 86 FR 4314; FR Doc 2020-28947; RIN 2120-AK85, 86 FR 4355 The inclusion of night operations does not introduce a level of complexity to the operations conducted under part 107 that would necessitate practical training.
  44. Night operations

    A remote pilot is preflighting for a night inspection. With the anti-collision light off, the battery normally gives 24 minutes of flight, and the planned mission is 22 minutes. What does AC 107-2A advise?

    1. Plan the full 22 minutes and switch the light off near the end if the battery starts to run low.
    2. Plan the full 22 minutes, because lighting is not part of preflight power planning under Part 107.
    3. Account for the light's power draw and shorten the flight if needed to reach a normal landing.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. Account for the light's power draw and shorten the flight if needed to reach a normal landing.

    AC 107-2A's preflight guidance says to make sure the anti-collision lights work before any civil twilight or night flight and to consider whether they could reduce the power available to the aircraft. The remote PIC may need to reduce the planned duration so that enough power remains to keep the lights illuminated and still reach a normal landing; 14 CFR 107.49(d) likewise requires enough power for the intended operational time. Switching the light off to save battery is not an option, because § 107.29 allows its intensity to be reduced but not extinguished. Leaving the light's power draw out of the plan contradicts the AC guidance.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, para. 5.11.1, p. 5-10 The remote PIC must also consider, during his or her preflight check, whether the anti-collision light(s) could reduce the amount of power available to the small unmanned aircraft.
    • AC 107-2A, para. 5.11.1, p. 5-10 The remote PIC may need to reduce the planned duration of the small unmanned aircraft operation to ensure sufficient power exists to maintain the illuminated anti-collision light(s)
  45. Night operations

    A remote pilot's drone weighs 0.51 pounds with its battery and camera installed, has no exposed rotating parts that would lacerate skin, and is not on any declaration of compliance. She completed recurrent training in 2025. For a night flight over a few non-participating people (not an open-air assembly), she attaches a 0.06-pound strobe that meets § 107.29. May she conduct the flight as a Category 1 operation?

    1. No, because with the strobe attached the aircraft weighs 0.57 pounds, over the Category 1 limit.
    2. Yes, because lighting required by § 107.29 does not count toward the Category 1 weight limit.
    3. Yes, because she completed recurrent training after April 6, 2021, which permits night operations.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. No, because with the strobe attached the aircraft weighs 0.57 pounds, over the Category 1 limit.

    Category 1 under 14 CFR 107.110(a)(1) requires an aircraft that weighs 0.55 pounds or less on takeoff and throughout the operation, including everything on board or otherwise attached. The strobe is attached, so the takeoff weight is 0.51 + 0.06 = 0.57 pounds, which exceeds the limit. Part 107 makes no exception for lighting carried to meet § 107.29, and AC 107-2A states that the categories and their restrictions do not change at night; for Categories 2 and 3 it notes that manufacturers will most likely need to consider the mass of an anti-collision light. Her training satisfies the night rule but does not make the aircraft eligible for Category 1.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.110(a)(1) Weighs 0.55 pounds or less on takeoff and throughout the duration of each operation under Category 1, including everything that is on board or otherwise attached to the aircraft
    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.14, p. 8-36 The categories and their respective restrictions for operations over people do not change due to conditions of night.
  46. Operations over people

    A remote pilot is filming a wedding reception with a small unmanned aircraft that is not eligible for any operations-over-people category. Over which person may the aircraft fly without violating § 107.39?

    1. A guest who has been told in advance that the drone will be flying overhead.
    2. A caterer setting up tables on the open lawn directly under the flight path.
    3. The visual observer the remote pilot assigned and briefed for the flight.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. The visual observer the remote pilot assigned and briefed for the flight.

    14 CFR 107.39(a) permits flight over a human being who is directly participating in the operation. AC 107-2A lists direct participants as the remote PIC, any other person manipulating the controls, a visual observer, or crewmembers necessary for the safety of the operation, and notes that the remote pilot assigns and briefs them. The visual observer qualifies. Telling a guest about the flight does not make that guest a participant; being on notice matters only in specific Subpart D situations, such as Category 3 closed-access sites, and this aircraft is eligible for no category. The caterer is neither participating nor under protective cover, so flight over that person is prohibited.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.39(a) That human being is directly participating in the operation of the small unmanned aircraft;
    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.3, p. 8-1 Direct participants include the remote pilot in command (PIC), another person who may be manipulating the controls, a visual observer (VO), or crewmembers necessary for the safety of the small unmanned aircraft operation.
  47. Operations over people

    Which statement about Category 1 operations over people is correct?

    1. The aircraft must be listed on an FAA-accepted declaration of compliance for Category 1.
    2. The aircraft must display a permanent Category 1 label in English before flying over people.
    3. No declaration of compliance or label is required; the remote pilot determines eligibility.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. No declaration of compliance or label is required; the remote pilot determines eligibility.

    A declaration of compliance, as defined in 14 CFR 107.3, certifies that an aircraft conforms to the Category 2 or Category 3 requirements; there is no Category 1 declaration. AC 107-2A states that there are no applicant requirements for Category 1 and that the FAA does not require labeling of aircraft eligible for Category 1. Instead, the remote pilot must determine that the aircraft weighs 0.55 pounds or less, including everything on board, and has no exposed rotating parts that would lacerate skin. English labels that are legible, prominent, and permanently affixed are a Category 2 and 3 requirement.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.3 Declaration of compliance means a record submitted to the FAA that certifies the small unmanned aircraft conforms to the Category 2 or Category 3 requirements under subpart D of this part.
    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.3.4.2, p. 8-4 There are no applicant requirements for Category 1.
    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.11.1, p. 8-29 The FAA does not require labeling of small unmanned aircraft eligible for Category 1 operations.
  48. Operations over people

    A remote pilot's aircraft is eligible only for Category 3 operations. Which flight is prohibited even if the operation fully complies with the Remote ID rules?

    1. Flight over an open-air assembly of people.
    2. Flight over workers at a closed-access site who are on notice.
    3. Flight over the remote pilot's own visual observer.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. Flight over an open-air assembly of people.

    Under 14 CFR 107.125(b), a remote pilot conducting Category 3 operations must not operate over open-air assemblies of human beings, and AC 107-2A repeats that Category 3 operations are not allowed over an open-air assembly. Unlike Categories 1, 2, and 4, Remote ID compliance does not open this door. Flight over people within a closed- or restricted-access site is allowed when everyone there is on notice that the aircraft may fly over them (§ 107.125(c)(1)). Flight over a visual observer is allowed because a visual observer is directly participating in the operation (§ 107.39(a)).

    Source

  49. Operations over people

    A construction site is fenced, its gates are staffed, and every worker has been told that a drone may fly over them; the site is not an open-air assembly. A remote pilot with a properly labeled Category 3 aircraft listed on an FAA-accepted declaration of compliance wants to make repeated passes over the workers. Is this permitted?

    1. No, because a Category 3 aircraft may never maintain sustained flight over people not participating.
    2. Yes, because it is within a closed- or restricted-access site and everyone there is on notice.
    3. Yes, but only while each of the workers is under a covered structure or inside a stationary vehicle.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. Yes, because it is within a closed- or restricted-access site and everyone there is on notice.

    14 CFR 107.125(c)(1) allows a Category 3 aircraft above people when the operation is within or over a closed- or restricted-access site and all people in the site are on notice that a small unmanned aircraft may fly over them. The fenced, staffed site with notified workers meets that condition, and because it is not an open-air assembly, § 107.125(b) does not bar the flight. The no-sustained-flight limit in § 107.125(c)(2) is the alternative condition for flights outside such a site, so it does not apply here. Protective cover is likewise one of the exceptions for flights outside the site, not a requirement inside a properly controlled site.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.125(c)(1) The operation is within or over a closed- or restricted-access site and all human beings located within the closed- or restricted-access site must be on notice that a small unmanned aircraft may fly over them
  50. Operations over people

    Outside any closed- or restricted-access site, a remote pilot flies a properly labeled Category 3 aircraft listed on an FAA-accepted declaration of compliance near a park that is not an open-air assembly. Which planned maneuver complies with § 107.125?

    1. Circling above a non-participating jogger to film him running laps around the park.
    2. Hovering for about a minute over a person standing next to a parked car.
    3. A single straight pass over a jogger while flying between two survey points.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. A single straight pass over a jogger while flying between two survey points.

    Outside a closed- or restricted-access site, 14 CFR 107.125(c)(2) lets a Category 3 aircraft fly over people only if it does not maintain sustained flight over anyone who is not directly participating or protected under a covered structure or inside a stationary vehicle. AC 107-2A explains that the intent is momentary exposure and that sustained flight includes hovering above a person's head, flying back and forth over a person, or circling above an uninvolved person. A single transit between survey points is brief, so it complies. Circling the jogger is sustained flight. The person beside the car is not inside it, so hovering over that person is sustained flight over an unprotected non-participant.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.125(c)(2) The small unmanned aircraft does not maintain sustained flight over any human being unless that human being is
    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.3.6.7, p. 8-6 Sustained flight includes hovering above any person's head, flying back and forth over a person, or circling above an uninvolved person in such a way that the small unmanned aircraft remains above some part of that person.
    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.3.6.7, p. 8-6 The intent of the requirement is momentary exposure, without sustained exposure over one or more persons.
  51. Operations over people

    A remote pilot wants to film a passenger train as it travels along its route. For operations over people, how does the FAA treat a train that is in motion?

    1. As a covered structure, so its passengers count as protected.
    2. As an open-air assembly, because of how many people are aboard.
    3. As a moving vehicle, so the moving-vehicle restrictions apply.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. As a moving vehicle, so the moving-vehicle restrictions apply.

    The FAA's UAS FAQ answers this directly: a train is a moving vehicle, and when it is in motion the same restrictions apply as for a moving car. The preamble to the 2021 final rule likewise names trains as vehicles. Under 14 CFR 107.39(b) the protection exception covers people inside a stationary vehicle, not a moving one, and § 107.145 allows flight over people inside moving vehicles only with an eligible Category 1, 2, 3, or 4 aircraft; for Categories 1 to 3 it also requires either a closed- or restricted-access site with occupants on notice or no sustained flight over the vehicle. AC 107-2A describes an open-air assembly as a dense gathering of people in the open, not passengers inside a train.

    Source

  52. Operations over people

    During preflight for a Category 2 operation, the remote PIC finds that the aircraft's Category 2 label has peeled off and is missing. What must the remote PIC do before flying over people?

    1. Submit a new declaration of compliance to the FAA and wait for acceptance before relabeling.
    2. Label the aircraft in English so the label is legible, prominent, and stays on for the whole flight.
    3. Nothing at all, as long as the aircraft is still listed on an FAA-accepted declaration of compliance.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. Label the aircraft in English so the label is legible, prominent, and stays on for the whole flight.

    14 CFR 107.135 states that if a Category 2 or 3 label is damaged, destroyed, or missing, the remote PIC must label the aircraft in English so the label is legible, prominent, and will remain on the aircraft for the duration of the operation before conducting operations over human beings. The new label must correctly identify the eligible category or categories. A new declaration of compliance is not needed, because the aircraft itself has not changed. Being listed on a declaration is not enough by itself: § 107.115(a) requires a Category 2 aircraft to be both listed and labeled.

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.135 a remote pilot in command must label the aircraft in English such that the label is legible, prominent, and will remain on the small unmanned aircraft for the duration of the operation before conducting operations over human beings.
  53. Operations over people

    A drone's remote pilot operating instructions list the propellers approved for its Category 3 eligibility. The owner installs aftermarket propellers that the instructions do not cover. What is the aircraft's status for Category 3 operations?

    1. Still eligible, as long as the original Category 3 label remains attached to the aircraft.
    2. Still eligible, because swapping propellers is routine maintenance that needs no new declaration.
    3. Ineligible until a new declaration of compliance for the modified aircraft is accepted by the FAA.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: C. Ineligible until a new declaration of compliance for the modified aircraft is accepted by the FAA.

    AC 107-2A states that any person who makes a modification not permitted by the remote pilot operating instructions to a Category 2 or 3 aircraft renders it ineligible. It gives this exact example: replacing propellers with ones not covered in the instructions requires submission of a new declaration of compliance before Category 2 or 3 operations over people, and 14 CFR 107.125(a)(2) requires listing on an FAA-accepted declaration. The person making the change takes on the applicant's responsibilities and must use an FAA-accepted means of compliance. The old label describes the declared configuration, not the modified one. Replacing propellers that the instructions list as allowed would not require a new declaration.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.4.5, p. 8-11 However, replacing propellers not covered in the remote pilot operating instructions requires submission of a new DOC to conduct Category 2 or Category 3 operations over people.
    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.4.4, p. 8-11 Any person who makes a modification not permissible by the remote pilot operating instructions to a small unmanned aircraft eligible for Category 2 or Category 3 operations over people renders that small unmanned aircraft ineligible.
  54. Operations over people

    A remote pilot with an aircraft that is not eligible for any operations-over-people category plans to photograph a town square where shoppers may wander through. Which approach does AC 107-2A describe for complying with § 107.39?

    1. Keep people clear, such as by asking them to stay indoors or under safe cover until the flight ends.
    2. Fly at 400 feet AGL so that the aircraft is too high to be considered over the people below it.
    3. Announce the flight to the shoppers so that each of them becomes a direct participant in it.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. Keep people clear, such as by asking them to stay indoors or under safe cover until the flight ends.

    AC 107-2A describes ways to comply with the prohibition on flight over people: choose a location where no people are present or expected, keep a safe distance from non-participants, and, if people are present, have a plan of action to keep them clear, such as directing them to remain indoors or under safe cover until the flight has ended. Safe cover is a structure or stationary vehicle that protects a person if the aircraft hits it. 14 CFR 107.39 has no altitude exception, so 400 feet AGL does not help. Direct participants are crew such as the remote PIC, a visual observer, or necessary crewmembers, so an announcement does not make shoppers participants.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.3, p. 8-1 If the remote pilot selects a location where people are present, the remote pilot should have a plan of action to ensure human beings remain clear of the operating area.
    • AC 107-2A, para. 8.3, p. 8-1 The remote pilot may be able to direct people to remain indoors or remain under safe cover until the small unmanned aircraft flight operation has ended.
  55. Waivers

    Which of these Part 107 sections is NOT on the list of regulations subject to waiver in 14 CFR 107.205?

    1. § 107.41, operation in certain airspace.
    2. § 107.43, operation in the vicinity of airports.
    3. § 107.51, operating limitations for small unmanned aircraft.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. § 107.43, operation in the vicinity of airports.

    14 CFR 107.205 lists the sections a certificate of waiver may cover, including § 107.41 (operation in certain airspace) and § 107.51 (operating limitations such as groundspeed, altitude, visibility, and cloud clearance). § 107.43, which prohibits interfering with operations and traffic patterns at any airport, heliport, or seaplane base, does not appear on the list, so it cannot be waived under § 107.200. A waiver can therefore open up controlled airspace or relax operating limitations, but it can never permit a small UA to interfere with airport traffic. Other sections missing from the list include § 107.45 (prohibited or restricted areas) and § 107.47 (NOTAM flight restrictions).

    Source

    • 14 CFR 107.205 A certificate of waiver issued pursuant to § 107.200 may authorize a deviation from the following regulations of this part:
    • 14 CFR 107.205(h)–(i) (h) Section 107.41—Operation in certain airspace. (i) Section 107.51—Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraft.
  56. Waivers

    A film crew wants to operate a small UA from a moving car while driving through a busy suburban neighborhood rather than a sparsely populated area. No property is being carried. According to AC 107-2A, which statement is correct?

    1. It can never be approved, because moving-vehicle operations are limited to sparsely populated areas.
    2. The sparsely populated area provision may be waived, but visual line of sight must still be maintained.
    3. No waiver is needed if a visual observer rides in the car and keeps the aircraft in sight.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. The sparsely populated area provision may be waived, but visual line of sight must still be maintained.

    Part 107 permits operation from a moving land or water-borne vehicle only over a sparsely populated area, but AC 107-2A, paragraph 5.14.1, explains that this provision may be waived under §§ 107.200 and 107.205, and § 107.205(a) lists § 107.25 as waivable. The AC adds that the operation remains subject to the other Part 107 restrictions, so the remote PIC operating from the moving vehicle must still maintain VLOS. Saying it can never be approved ignores that waiver option. A visual observer does not remove the sparsely populated area limitation; without a waiver, this flight is not allowed. Note that no waiver of § 107.25 will be issued to allow carrying another's property for compensation or hire.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 Although the regulation states that operations from a moving vehicle may only be conducted over a sparsely-populated area, this provision may be waived (§§ 107.200 and 107.205).
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-12 The remote PIC operating from a moving vehicle is still required to maintain VLOS.
    • 14 CFR 107.205(a) Section 107.25—Operation from a moving vehicle or aircraft. However, no waiver of this provision will be issued to allow the carriage of property of another by aircraft for compensation or hire.
  57. Waivers

    After a tornado, a remote pilot with a current Part 107 certificate who is supporting local first responders must fly beyond visual line of sight, which Part 107 does not normally allow. According to the FAA, which process may provide expedited approval?

    1. A standard certificate of waiver application.
    2. The Special Governmental Interest (SGI) process.
    3. A LAANC request filed from the disaster area.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. The Special Governmental Interest (SGI) process.

    The FAA states that first responders and other organizations responding to natural disasters or other emergencies may be eligible for expedited approval through the Special Governmental Interest (SGI) process, and that a Part 107 pilot who must fly beyond visual line of sight in an actual emergency should use SGI to obtain a temporary, emergency waiver of § 107.31. To apply through SGI, the applicant must be an existing Part 107 remote pilot with a current certificate or a public agency with an existing certificate of waiver or authorization (COA). A standard waiver application is not the expedited path: the FAA says processing times vary with the complexity of the request. LAANC handles airspace authorizations in controlled airspace; it cannot waive § 107.31.

    Source

    • FAA FAQ (UAS), p. 5 First responders and others organizations responding to natural disasters or other emergency situations may be eligible for expedited approval through our Special Governmental Interest (SGI) process.
    • FAA FAQ (UAS), p. 3 If you encounter a situation where you must go BVLOS in an actual emergency, follow the Special Governmental Interest process to obtain a temporary, emergency waiver to 107.31 if flying under Part 107
    • FAA FAQ (UAS), p. 8 To apply for a waiver through the Special Governmental Interest (SGI) process, you must be an existing Part 107 remote pilot with a current certificate OR a public agency with an existing Certificate of Waiver or Authorization (COA).
    • FAA FAQ (UAS), p. 5 Waiver processing times will vary depending on the complexity of the request.
  58. Waivers

    A remote pilot believes his aircraft's geo-fencing and other equipment, which go beyond Part 107 requirements, should earn approval to operate in Class C airspace. According to AC 107-2A, how should he seek approval based on that equipment?

    1. Apply for a certificate of waiver, because ATC authorizations are not decided on the basis of extra equipment.
    2. List the equipment in a LAANC request so that the controller can approve the flight based on it.
    3. Fly without authorization, because geo-fencing equipment satisfies the intent of § 107.41.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: A. Apply for a certificate of waiver, because ATC authorizations are not decided on the basis of extra equipment.

    AC 107-2A, paragraph 5.10.2, explains that the Air Traffic Organization does not approve or deny small unmanned aircraft operations on the basis of equipage that exceeds Part 107 requirements, because technologies such as geo-fencing have not been certificated by the FAA and must be examined case by case. A remote pilot who wants to operate in controlled airspace because he can demonstrate mitigations through equipage may do so by applying for a certificate of waiver. Listing the equipment in an authorization request does not change how ATO evaluates it. Flying without authorization would violate 14 CFR 107.41, which requires prior ATC authorization in Class C airspace.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-8 Instead of seeking an authorization, a remote pilot who wishes to operate in controlled airspace because the remote pilot can demonstrate mitigations through equipage may do so by applying for a CoW
    • AC 107-2A, p. 5-8 ATO does not approve or deny small unmanned aircraft operations on the basis of equipage that exceeds the part 107 requirements
  59. Waivers

    A surveyor needs to fly at 600 feet AGL over open farmland in Class G airspace, far from any structure. What does Part 107 require for this flight?

    1. An ATC authorization through LAANC, which allows flight above 400 feet AGL.
    2. A certificate of waiver of § 107.51, which is on the list of waivable sections.
    3. Nothing, because the 400-foot limit does not apply in Class G airspace.
    Show answer and explanation

    Answer: B. A certificate of waiver of § 107.51, which is on the list of waivable sections.

    14 CFR 107.51(b) limits the aircraft to 400 feet AGL unless it is within a 400-foot radius of a structure, and no structure is nearby. § 107.205(i) lists § 107.51 as subject to waiver, and AC 107-2A notes that aircraft operating under Part 107 may not exceed the altitude limitations unless authorized under a certificate of waiver or an exemption. ATC authorization under § 107.41 concerns operating in controlled airspace and does not waive the altitude limit; Class G needs no authorization in any case. The 400-foot limit applies in every airspace class, including Class G.

    Source

    • AC 107-2A, p. 8-14 Note that aircraft operating under part 107 may not exceed the altitude limitations of that rule unless authorized under a CoW or an exemption (§ 107.51(b)).
    • 14 CFR 107.205(i) Section 107.51—Operating limitations for small unmanned aircraft.

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